GOODYEAR AIR SPRING 固特異空氣彈簧氣囊

	159 GOODYEAR AIR SPRING IDENTIFICATION AND APPLICATION



	SUPER-CUSHION® Air Springs For Trucks and Trailers



	ROLLING LOBE AIR SPRING



	Stud Combination Stud/Air Fitting Flexible Member Rolling Lobe (1R Design) (1S Design)



	DOUBLE CONVOLUTION AIR SPRING (2B Design) EXTEND-AIRTM DESIGN



	Air Fitting Blind Tap Flexible Member (Bellows) Girdle Ring



	Lower Retainer Piston Internal Rubber Bumper (Optional)



	Unique Product Identification System



	The Super-Cushion air spring assembly part number consists of the Product Descrtption and the Assembly Number. Elements of this system are shown in this example for ordering a 2B12-300 assembly. Assembly Number These three numbers identify specific end retainers, air fitting size, flex members and bumpers. This is the nominal outside working diameter of the air spring assembly, in inches. (It is not the maximum diameter). Product Descrtption



	2 B 12 - 300



	This letter refers to the type of air spring: B - Bellows R - Rolling lobe (bead type conventional) S - Sleeve (beadless rolling lobe type) Number of convolutions in the assembly: 1 - single convolute 2 - double convolute 3 - triple convolute



	





	160 GOODYEAR AIR SPRINGS



	Part No. 1R10-120 1R10-122 1R11-028 1R11-166 1R11-221 1R11-222 1R11-242 1R12-066 1R12-069 1R12-090 1R12-092 1R12-095 1R12-103 1R12-132 1R12-142 1R12-167 1R12-182 1R12-188 1R12-195 1R12-256 1R12-279 1R12-281 1R12-303 1R12-363 1R12-365 1R12-367 1R12-375 1R12-400 1R12-401 1R12-403 1R12-404 1R12-424



	Application and Interchange Information Firestone 9293, SAF Holland 90557120, Triangle 8424 RL-196 SAF Holland 90557122, 90557139, Triangle 8425 Firestone 9422, Kenworth K-303-6/14/15, Triangle 8314, W&C AS-0017 RL-196-15, RL-196-16, 90557121, Firestone 9295, Triangle 8417 Firestone 9622,9675, Kenworth K-303-22, K-303-28 Firestone 9625, Kenworth K303-25, Triangle 8538 Firestone 9616 Firestone 9083, Granning B59,1359,1528, Triangle 8333, W&C AS-0018 Firestone 9069, Triangle 8312, Watson & Chalin AS-0077, Peterbilt, Int. Firestone 9213, Triangle 8407, International rear tandem axle only. Firestone 9082, Granning 2727, Hend B-2066, Hutchens 9630-01 SAF Holland 90557006, 90557027, 90557037, 90557054, 90557075, Reyco 12882-01, Ridewell, 1003589082C, Triangle 8310, W&C AS-0011 Firestone 9039, Hend B-11650, B-2064, SAF Holland 90557011, 90557023, 90557085, Ridewell 1003589039C, Triangle 8311, Watson & Chalin AS-0012 Firestone 9101, Hend B-3842, SAF Holland 90044701, 90557008, 90557009, 90557082, Reyco 12883-01, Triangle 8315, W&C AS-0040 Firestone 9302,9105,9113,9303, Granning 5065, B-1245, Triangle 8319 Firesone 9394, Fruehauf UCE-9393-2 Firestone 9192, Navistar 1681738C1, 1681740C1. Firestone 9219, Triangle 8408, Navistar, Volvo, GM Firestone 9223, Hend 48195, Reyco 12884-01/A, Triangle 8409 Firestone 9349, Hend B-8988, Reyco 17636-01, Triangle 8438 Firestone 9367, Hend B-14249,B4375, Triangle 8505, W & C AS-0104 Firestone 9394, UCE -9393-2, Triangle 8383, Firestone 9130, UCE-9393-1 / 3 / 4, Triangle 8321 Firestone 9780, 5779, Triangle 8382 SAF Holland 90557099, Firestone 9320, Triangle 8360, Silent Drive Firestone 9466, Hend 49048, 49674, Triangle 8410 Firestone 9640, Hend C20223, Triangle 8427 Firestone 9265, Hend C20124, Triangle 8435 Firestone 9296, Triangle 8416, Volvo, GM Firestone 9371, Navistar 1670043C1, Triangle 8521 Firestone 9373, Hend 57122-1, Triangle 8519 Firestone 9375, Hend 50899-1/2, Triangle 8451 Firestone 9287, Hend 50405, -1, -2, Triangle 8406



	





	161 GOODYEAR AIR SPRINGS



	Part No. 1R12-432 1R12-438 1R12-441 1R12-467 1R12-481 1R12-487 1R12-498 1R12-502 1R12-504 1R12-508 1R12-532 1R12-538 1R12-552 1R12-567 1R12-568 1R12-580 1R13-038 1R13-039 1R13-070 1R13-097 1R13-109 1R13-115 1R13-118 1R13-119 1R13-152 1R13-176 1R14-028 1R14-030 1R14-039 1R14-137 1R14-174 2B10-226



	Application and Interchange Information Navistar 3541731C1 Firestone 8805, Ridewell 1003588805C, Triangle 8462 Firestone 9362, SAF Holland 90557113, Triangle 8391, W & C AS-0049 Ridewell 1000001 Firestone 9923, SAF Holland 90557118, Triangle 8429 Firestone 9366, SAF Holland 90557160, 90557210, 90557225, Triangle 8488, Watson & Chalin AS-0054 Firestone 9922, SAF Holland 90557119, Triangle 8428 Firestone 9921, SAF Holland 90557117, Triangle 8443, W & C AS-0090 Firestone 9471, SAF Holland 90557146, 90557182, Triangle 8502 Firestone 8204, SAF Holland 90557173, 90557223, Triangle 8484 Firestone 9935, SAF Holland 90557157, Triangle 8548 Firestone 9648, Navistar 2027911C1/2/3, Triangle 8456 Firestone 9471, SAF Holland 90557212 Firestone 9026, Peterbilt 03-06213,03-07111, Triangle 8393 Firestone 8852, Peterbilt 03-07887, Triangle 8472 Firestone 9370, Watson & Chalin AS-0057 Firestone 9122, Hend C22173, S-3830, Reyco 12883-02, W & C AS-0023 SAF Holland 90557020, 90557071, 90557076, 90557077, 90557185 Firestone 9121, Hend B-3411, Reyco 12882-02, W & C AS-0013/0083 SAF Holland 90557019, 90557052, 90557078, 90557083, Triangle 8317 Mack, SAF Holland 90557070, Triangle 8444 Firestone 8752, Ridewell 1003588752C, Triangle 8518 Ridewell 1001R13109G Firestone 9250, Ridewell 1003589250C, Triangle 8324, W & C AS-0096 Firestone 9262, 9580, Hend C20127, Triangle 8434 Firestone 9270, Hend C20010, C21208, C25559 Triangle 8433, AS-0084 Firestone 8748, SAF Holland 90557167, AR250-14/15 Firestone 8713, Hend C22948, Triangle 8533 Firestone 9177, 9179, Hend B2065, SAF Holl 90557003, Triangle 8316, 8366 Ridewell S-2573C, S-4695C, S-4797C, 1003589177C, W&C AS-0010 Firestone 9158, Hend B2063, SAF Holl 90557005, 90557069, Triangle 8318 FS 8050, Hend B-4771, Reyco 23631-01, Triangle 8320, W&C AS-0039 Firestone 9134, SAF Holl 90557125, Triangle 8431 Firestone 5503, SAF Holl 90557200, Triangle 8530, W &C AS-0047 Firestone 7795, Hend B14486, Triangle 4524



	





	162 GOODYEAR AIR SPRINGS



	Part No. 2B12-300 2B12-305 2B12-307 2B12-309 2B12-406 2B12-440 2B14-356 2B14-359 2B14-360 2B14-365 2B8-550 2B9-200 2B9-201 2B9-206 2B9-210 2B9-218 2B9-229 2B9-250 2B9-266 3B12-300 3B12-303 3B12-312 3B12-319 3B12-329 3B14-356 3B14-359 3B14-360 3B14-364



	Application and Interchange Information Firestone 7424, SAF Holl 90557014, Triangle 4327, Wats&Chal AS-0009 Firestone 7443, Ridewell S2683C, Triangle 4323, Wats&Chal AS-0027 Firestone 7403, Granning 2725, Hend B1159, B-2883, Triangle 4318, Ridewell S-4302C, Watson &Chalin AS-0007 Firestone 7400, Gran 2726, Hend C1013, SAF Holland 90557016 Triangle 4313, Watson & Chalin AS-0003 Firestone 7410, Navistar, Freightliner, Triangle 4331 Firestone 7555, Reyco 18813-01, 20018-01, Triangle 4480 Firestone 7136, Granning 1626, Hend B-1080, Triangle 4321, Ridewell 1003587136C, Watson & Chalin AS-0004 Firestone 7140, Granning 1015, Hend b-3184, Triangle 4316 W&C AS-0008 Firestone 7135, Hend B12514-014, SAF Holland 90557001, Ridewell S-1326-C, 1003587135C, Triangle 4311 Firestone 6801, Hend B-2734, Triangle 4451, Watson & Chalin AS-0021 Firestone 7325, Triangle 4509, Watson & chalin AS-0030, Mack Firestone 6910, Granning 1371, Hend B8768, Triangle 4320, W/C AS-0001 Firestone 6902, 6935, Granning 4848, Hend B-2630, Triangle 4310, 4499 Watson & Chalin AS-0002 Firestone 6905, Hend B3518, B5270, Triangle 4315, Wats&Chal AS-0020 Firestone 6908, Triangle 4362, Watson & Chalin AS-0035 Firestone 6927, Reyco 12906-01 / 02, Triangle 4453 Firestone 6897, Triangle 4505, Watson & Chalin AS-0058 Firestone 6943, SAF Holland 90557237, Triangle 4426, W/C AS-0041 Firestone 6944, Triangle 4448, 4454, Histeer 10307 Firestone 8008, 8025, Hend B-11637, Triangle 4431,4469, W&C AS-0019 Firestone 8018, Histeer 10303, Triangle 4434, Watson&Chalin AS-0075 Firestone 8033, Hend B-14487, Triangle 4508, 4525 Firestone 8032, Hend B-12405, Triangle 4413, Watson&Chalin AS-0048 Firestone 7995, Triangle 4547, Watson&Chalin AS-0048, AS-0048-1F Firestone 7798, Granning 1613, Triangle 4329, 4436, Navistar, Watson&Chalin AS-0006 Firestone 7818, 7816, Granning 1014, 1476, Hend B6861, Ridewell S2685C Triangle 4325, 4437, Watson&Chalin AS-0025, AS-0033 Firestone 7800, Granning 4514, Ridewell S-1505C, Triangle 4333, 4439 Watson&Chalin AS-0025 Firestone 7843, Hend B-7100, Triangle 4455



	





	163 FIRESTONE AIR SPRING IDENTIFICATION AND APPLICATION



	Air Springs last at least twice, and as much as four times longer than steel springs! · They require little or no maintenance. · Increase life of tires and brake linings. · Let you haul anything; eliminate expensive deadheading runs. · Substantially reduce breakage and maintenance of other vehicle components. · Pay you back at trade-in time; trucks and trailers with air suspensions are worth more. · Allow perfect load equalization between axles; letting you run at the maximum legal limit. · Reduce driver discomfort and dangerous fatigue; improving driver safety, productivity and loyalty. · Provide smoother ride for payload, reducing costly insurance claims and the expense of overpackaging.



	What Components make up a Firestone Air Spring?



	1-Stud. Manufactured as a permanent part of the bead plate assembly for maximum strength and durability. Used to attach the spring to the vehicle's suspension. 2-Combo Stud. Serves the dual purpose of mounting the spring to the suspension and providing an entrance for air. 3-Blind Nut. Also a permanent part of the bead plate assembly. Provides an alternative mounting system to the stud. 4-Air Fitting. Usually 1/4 N.P.T. Provides an air entrance to the bellows. 5-Bead Plate. Crimped onto the bellows at the factory for a more durable design and maximum quality control. Allows 100% leakproof testing prior to shipment. 6-Bellows. The "air bag" includes four plies of material: an inner layer, two plies of cord-reinforced fabric, and an outer cover. Natural rubber construction provides functional properties to -65F. 7-Bumper. A solid rubber or engineered plastic device designed to prevent significant damage to the vehicle or suspension in the event of a sudden loss of air pressure in the spring. 8-Piston. Provides a lower mounting arrangement for the air spring. Controls the characteristics of the spring under changing pressure loads. 9-Piston Bolt. Attaches the piston to the bellows. Sometimes extended as a means of attaching the spring to the vehicle suspension. 10-Girdle hoop. A wire-wound ring molded into the bellows to provide lateral stability in convoluted type springs.



	





	164 FIRESTONE AIR SPRINGS



	Part No. FS5423 FS6801 FS6897 FS6902 FS6905 FS6908 FS6944 FS7036 FS7135 FS7136 FS7140 FS7207 FS7403 FS7424 FS7443 FS7473 FS7555 FS7686 FS7705 FS7795 FS7798 FS7818 FS7956 FS8018 FS8033 FS8050 FS8709 FS8713 FS8755 FS8781 FS8782 FS8805 FS8829 FS8852 FS8888 FS8944 FS9026 FS9039 FS9069 FS9082



	Application and Interchange Information Granning 5235, 5307 EZ Ride 8030160, Hendrickson S2734, Ridewell 1003586801C, Watson AS-0021 Watson & Chalin AS-0058 Granning 4848, Hend S2630, Ridewell 1003586902C, Watson AS-0002 Hend S3518 S5270, Ridewell 1003586905C, Watson & Chalin AS-0020 Watson & Chalin AS-0035 Histeer 10307 Cab Air Spring - Peterbilt application 29-03200 SAF Holland 90557001, Ridewell 1003587135C, Granning 1626, Hend S1080, Ridewell 1003587136C, Watson & Chalin AS-0004 Granning 1015, Hend S3184, Ridewell 1003587140C, Watson & Chalin AS-0008 Cab Air Spring - Freightliner application Granning 2725, Hend S1159, S2883, Ride 1003587403C, Watson&Chalin AS-0007 SAF Holland 90557014 (AL41 & 45) Granning 1218, 7416, Ridewell 1003587443C, Watson & Chalin AS-0027 Ridewell 1003587473C Reyco 20018-01 (86AR), SAF Holland Binkley XB-SPN-053-37 Rowe Truck 0035, ASC2500, ASC1600 Watson & Chalin AS-006, replaces 7503 Hend S14486 (lift bag), Hendrickson Auxillary 003317-metric version. Granning 1613, Watson & Chalin AS-0006 Granning 1014, Ridewell 1003587818C, Watson & Chalin AS-0025 Rowe Truck 0059 ASC1500 Histeer, Reyco 93AR, Watson & Chalin Hendrickson S14487 (Ride Bag) Hendrickson Auxillary 003316 (metric version) Hendrickson S4771, Reyco 23631-01, Watson AS-0039, 1T19J-6 Hendrickson S22046 (HK230 susp) replaces 8756 Hendrickson S22948 (Van Traax) -prior to 09/99 used 9525 piston w/bumper spacer Hendrickson S22045 (HK190T) SAF Holland 90557205 Ridewell 1001R13109G Ridewell 10013588805C Volvo 3934699, 8079902 Peterbilt 03-07887 (Low air leaf) Rowe Truck 0027, ASC2500 Hendrickson S20217 (HT190U), replaces 9015 Peterbilt 03-06213, Peterbilt 03-07111 Hend S2064, S11650, SAF Holland 90557001, 90557023, 90557085, Hutchens H-9424-01, Ridewell 1013589039C, Watson & Chalin AS-0012 Peterbilt 03-02456, 03-04759, 03-01649, 03-06746, 03-07112, 03-0238 Hendrickson S2066, S11651, Hutchens H-9630-01, SAF Holland 90557006, 90557027, 90557037, 90557054, 90557075, Reyco 12882-01



	





	165 FIRESTONE AIR SPRINGS



	Part No. FS9083 FS9101 FS9105 FS9122 FS9158 FS9192 FS9213 FS9219 FS9265 FS9270 FS9287 FS9293 FS9295 FS9320 FS9321 FS9362 FS9366 FS9367 FS9370 FS9371 FS9373 FS9375 FS9394 FS9422 FS9466 FS9471 FS9501 FS9580 FS9616 FS9617 FS9640 FS9663 FS9780 FS9781 FS9807 FS9921 FS9922 FS9935 FS9936 FS9974



	Application and Interchange Information Granning 1359, watson & Chalin AS-0028, Ridewell 1003589083C, Hend S1561 SAF Holland 90557008, 90557009, 90557082, Ridewell 1003589101C, Reyco 12883-01 Hend S1245, Granning 5065, Ridewell 1003589105C, Watson & Chalin AS-0015 Hend S3467, S3830 SAF Holland 90557020, 90557071, 90557076, 90557077 Reyco 12883-02, Ridewell 1003589122C Hend S2063, SAF Holland 90557005, 90557069, Ridewell 1003589158C Hend S6195, SAF Holland 90557086, 90557108, Watson & Chalin AS-0038 /46 Navistar 501559C-1, 501559C-2, 1660581C-1 Volvo/GM 35003-3201, 35203-3203, 35003-3204, 35003-3209 Hend S20124 (HT250T) C20413, HT-250U, HT-250U-Y Hend S20010 (HT230T) Hend 50405-1, 50405-2, Ford & Western Star HA-360/400/460 since '90 SAF Holland 90557120 (RL196-14, RL196A-14) SAF Holland 90557127 (RL196-12) SAF Holland 90557099, Silent Drive Watson & Chalin AS-0036 Watson & Chalin AS-0049, SAF Holland 90557113 (AR90-1-14 & 17), (AR75-6 & 9) SAF Holland 90557160, 90557210, 90557225, Watson & Chalin AS-0054 Hend S14249, Hend Auxillary 003319 (metric) Watson & Chalin AS-0057 Navistar 1670073C-1, 1686386C-1, 2027911C-1 Hend 57122-2, Ford Class 8 HAS-360/400/402/460 Hend 50899-1 & 2, Mack Class 8 57QL414M, Mack 3645Q27, 57QL414M Fruehauf UCD-9393-2, if bolt is removed this can replace UCE-9393-1 Kenworth K303-6, K303-14, K303-15 Hend 49048 for Ford, Hend 49674-1&2 for Mack, Mack 57QL411M SAF holland AD-123, AD-246-10, 90557146, 90557182, 90557212, 90557214 SAF Holland 90557214 - comes without studs Hend S20127 (HT-250U9-006) (HT250UY 9Y-006) Kenworth Airglide 100, K-303-16 Kenworth Airglide 200, K-303-22 Hend S20223 (HT-190T, HS-190T) Hend 60271-2 Freightliner 16-13810-000 (plastic), 681-320-0017 (alum) 16-1673-000 (steel) Freightliner 16-13840-000 (plastic), 681-320-0017 (alum) 16-1673-000 (steel) Firestone 1690/91/92, SAF Holland 90557363, 48100492/3/4 SAF Holland 90557117 (AR92-12 & 14) (AR93-14) Watson & Chalin AS-0090 SAF Holland 90557119 (AR92-17) (AR93-17) SAF Holland 90557157 (RL228-17) 90557301 SAF Holland 90557156 (RL228-14/15/16) 90557300 SAF Holland 90557332



	





	166 HENDRICKSON AIR SPRINGS



	AIR SPRINGS are an integral part of the suspension, and need to be inspected regularly to ensure optimum vehicle ride quality and handling. Replacing Hendrickson air springs with something other than the original can alter the performance of the suspension. To ensure high end user satisfaction and peak system performance, Hendrickson supplies the same genuine components for service requirements as were installed in the original suspensions -- with the same design, construction, and performance.



	HENDRICKSON AIR SPRINGS



	·Hendrickson air springs have piston and internal bump stop designs that are specifically engineered to maximize air volume for low natural frequency to optimize ride and performance. ·Hendrickson air spring bellows have all gone through a design and testing process that results in greater extended and collapsed performance.



	Part No. S22630/2 S22631/2 S22632/2 S22908/2 Applications Mounting Kit-Vantraax, 1-1/8" spacer. Mounting Kit-Vantraax, 1-7/8" spacer. Mounting Kit-Vantraax, 3-1/8" spacer. Mounting Kit-HK190 3/4" spacer.



	Part No. S20010 S20124 S20127 S20217 S20223 S21784 S21800 S22045 S22046 S22948 S23114 S23720 S25872 S4771



	Applications and Interchanges HT230,HS230, Firestone 9270 HT250T,HS250U, Firestone 9265 HT250US, F/S9580, G/Y1R13-118 HT190U, F/S8944, G/Y 1R12-366 HS190T, HT190T, F/S9640 AA250,HKA250, F/S 8091 AA230,HKA180. F/S8709 HK190T, Firestone 8755 HK230, Firestone 8710 HKA180 Vantraax, Firestone 8713 UBL lift bag, Firestone 7897 AA230L, Firestone 9626 AA30K HT300/HS300, Firestone 8050



	SAF-HOLLAND AIR SPRINGS



	Part No. 90557112 90557121 90557123 90557129 90557156 90557157 90557167 90557168 90557203 90557213 90557214 90557223 90557225 48100493 48100494 Applications and Interchange Info AR90-14 Firestone 9295, Goodyear 1R11-166 ARDAB-120/240-5 Goodyear 1R12-435, 1R12-095 RL228-14/16 RL228-17 RL250-14/15 RL250-12/16/17 CBL Lift Kits Firestone 9472, 8467, Goodyear 1R15-553 Firestone 9471 Wabash WW190, Fire 8204, GY 1R12-508 NS190, Firestone 9366 CB400-16.5, Firestone 8882 CB400-17, Firestone 8882



	AIR SUSPENSION MAINTENANCE VEHICLE CHECKLIST ·Check air lines and fittings for leaks: rubbing. ·Check for proper clearance around air spring when inflated. Generally, a minimum of 1-1/2" will allow for the increased diameter which occurs in heavy jounce. ·Periodically, check suspension for proper ride height. This dimension should be maintained +/- 1/4" to protect shocks and springs from over-extension or bottoming. ·When doing routine vehicle maintenance, block up the suspension and check for irregular wear or material build-up on the flexmember. ·Check shock absorbers for any signs of leaking hydraulic fluid, broken end connections, worn bushings or cylinder over extension. ·Check height control valve to see that it is functioning.



	
	

		
		

			
			

				
				

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	沃爾沃空氣彈簧減振器氣囊 Volvo air spring airbag shock absorber 1R12182 1R12-182 1T15M6 1672401C1 57009219 3522233203 W013589219 W01-358-9219 350033209 350033204 350033203 350033201 39219KPP 1681739C1 91016P408



	空氣彈簧減振器氣囊 air spring airbag shock absorber 1R11222 1R11-222 1T15LA0 1T15KW0 9910S538 K3032325 9910P538 39625KPP K30325 W013589625 W01-358-9625



	空氣彈簧減振器氣囊 air spring airbag shock absorber W013585770 W01-358-5770 39390246 1R10-101 1R10101



	沃爾沃空氣彈簧減振器氣囊 Volvo air spring airbag shock absorber 1R12-538 1R12538 W013589648 W01-358-9648 1T15MT8 1T15M-T8 39648KPP 39371KPP 2027911C1 910185P456 910175P456



	沃爾沃卡車空氣彈簧氣囊減振器 Volvo air spring airbag shock absorber 1R12-615 1R12615 566-25-3-097 566253097 566-20-7-303 566207303 8079902 3934699 20413888 20396293 38829KPP 20505399 8829 91016P449 8097092 8084296



	JW8502橡膠空氣彈簧氣囊1DK22E9 3229000702 3229002700 3229002900 3229003000 3229003100 4004NP03 4022NP03 1R11710 1R11-710 1R11713 1R11-713 1R14730 1R14-730 D13B26 W01M586338 W01-M58-6338 W01M586335 W01-M58-6335

1 
空氣彈簧的歷史與GOODYEAR空氣彈簧 
     空氣彈簧（簡稱氣囊）在商業領域的應用是20世紀末期發展起來的，但氣囊的原理在很早以前就創立了。1844年，CHARLES GOODYEAR注冊了“橡膠硫化過程”的專例。有關氣囊實際應用的最早記錄應該是在1847年2月，JOHN LEWIS在美國注冊了“用彈性橡膠材料制成的空氣彈簧—用于有軌電車的裝滿空氣的彈簧”的專利。 
     WARREN ANNABLE于1901注冊了“一種用于街面轎車的空氣彈簧”，也許這是在運輸車輛上使用空氣彈簧的第一個專例。然而，空氣懸架用于運輸公共汽車還是50年之后的事情。1958年GOODYEAR和FIRESTONE都相應出品了其各具特色的空氣彈簧產品，1962年，GOODYEAR的ART HIRTREITER取得了”膜式空氣彈簧”的專利。KENWORTH機動卡車公司接受了空氣懸架安裝在他的拖車上，并與GOODYEAR合作開發了KENWORTH空氣座椅。以后，氣囊以其獨特的特色和多功能的優勢，逐漸替代傳統的彈簧產品。 
     到1990年，美國有一半以上八級卡車和20%以上拖車采用空氣懸掛系統。到1999年，數字已經上升到80%以上卡車和70%以上拖車采用空氣懸架。今天，美國絕大多數卡車司機坐在底盤裝有空氣懸架的空氣懸浮駕駛室及空氣座椅上。當ART HIRTREITER私下采訪長途卡車司機關于他們私人駕車體驗時，這些卡車司機不僅主動用“感覺更好”、“放松得多了”等來形容，而且表示在長時間駕駛之后，他們相信作為司機的工作年限被延長了10到15年。并且，空氣彈簧的耐用性能非常好，特別與鋼板彈簧比較，FIRESTONE市場經理估算說，在經歷40多年之后，更換率才只有5%到8%。 
     在歐洲，制造商們首先是將空氣彈簧加入到客車生產線中。始于1939年的CITROEN懸架與許多大汽車生產商都有合作。在1977年，SCANIA VABIS推出了歐洲第一個采用空氣懸架的高速公路卡車和客車，然后在20世紀80年代VOLVO、MERCEDES、MAN、RENAULT等都相應推出空氣懸架汽車。有些國家政府研究結果證明，高速公路汽車空氣懸架對公路的磨損非常少，研究的結果很快反映在采用空氣懸架的汽車的執照費用得到減少。 
空氣彈簧的優點主要表現在以下幾個方面：     1.可控制彈簧伸縮彈性系數；     2.可調節負荷承載能力；     3.容易實現的高度控制；     4.減小摩擦； 
    5.負荷變化，但自然頻率基本不變。 
     其中，膜式氣囊最主要優勢是能夠通過改變活塞輪廓改變承載能力的大小，今天，膜式氣囊更適合卡車和客車的懸掛系統。 
在過去的35年中，GOODYEAR公司在研制氣囊領域一直處于領導地位，尤其表現在對膜式氣囊和囊式氣囊的改良方面，以及對空氣調節吸振技術的研究。GOODYEAR空氣彈簧已在各種汽車和工業上得到廣泛應用。 總述 
     氣囊主要由密閉的容器（裝滿空氣）組成，氣體的壓力作為氣囊的作用力的媒體，受壓的氣體提供給懸掛系統所要的彈性需要。 
氣囊可通過它的有效面積支撐沉重的負荷，氣囊可在任意給定位置用很小的面積來支撐重負。有效面積是指氣囊可伸縮部分的外徑，對于不同膜式氣囊是指活塞外徑。反彈過程中有效面積是否保持不變，增加或減少由氣囊的設計和它的組件決定。氣囊反彈時，氣囊的反彈系數由有效面積的變化和內部氣壓的變化決定。氣壓隨反彈的速度和大小變化而變化。 受壓過程 
     對于特殊的氣囊設計，在等溫受壓下，氣囊彈性系數最小，而在絕熱條件下，氣囊彈性系數最大。在實際使用條件下的系數在此最大值和最小值之間變化。等溫下彈性系數最小是由于氣體受壓產生的熱量散去后，氣體可保持同樣的溫度。比如：當氣囊反彈速度很慢時，有足夠時間讓熱量散去，等溫彈性系數是在此類似情況下產生的。絕熱彈性系數發生在所有熱量都保存在氣體內的情況下。例如：氣囊快速反彈，熱量未及時散發出去。較高的氣體溫度導致了較大的氣體壓力，因此產生較高反彈系數。 
實際使用彈性系數發生在受壓產生的熱量部分留在氣體里的情況下，大部分氣囊反彈系數類似于實際使用系數，既不是等溫，也非絕熱條件，盡管在典型使用中，更接近于絕熱條件。 鎖定系統 
     氣囊若沒與氣源連接來控制高度或沒有氣閥裝置，稱其為鎖定系統，該系統采用固定量的氣體作為彈性媒體。一定量氣體封閉在系統內，受壓和反彈時氣體量保持不變。 
當該系統所承受壓力增加，氣體體積減少，彈性系數增大。相反，氣囊承受壓力減小，氣體體積增加，彈性系數下降。然而，當負荷增加時，采用鎖定氣囊的懸掛系統的自然振動頻率會增加。 非鎖定系統 
     氣囊通過高度控制或其它氣閥裝置與相對恒定氣源連接，稱之為未鎖定系統。 
在已給定工作高度下，氣囊可保持相對恒定的體積，與靜態載荷和氣壓無關。該系統在現在被普遍采用。在固定高度下，氣囊的承載能力和彈性系數是隨著限定氣體的壓力的改變而變化的。當氣囊的負荷變化時，壓縮空氣為氣囊補充氣源，以可以保持氣囊高度相對不變，氣囊體積相對恒定，所以自然振動比鎖定系統穩定。

	
	

		
		

			
			

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