IC693CPU313

IC693CPU313

IC693CPU313

CPU主要由運算器、控制器、寄存器及實現(xiàn)它們之間聯(lián)系的數(shù)據(jù)、控制及狀態(tài)總線構(gòu)成,CPU單元還包括外圍芯片、總線接口及有關(guān)電路。內(nèi)存主要用于存儲程序及數(shù)據(jù),是PLC不可缺少的組成單元。

在使用者看來,不必要詳細(xì)分析CPU的內(nèi)部電路,但對各部分的工作機制還是應(yīng)有足夠的理解。CPU的控制器控制CPU工作,由它讀取指令、解釋指令及執(zhí)行令。但工作節(jié)奏由震蕩信號控制。運算器用于進行數(shù)字或邏輯運算,在控制器指揮下工作。寄存器參與運算,并存儲運算的中間結(jié)果,它也是在控制器指揮下工作。


CPU速度和內(nèi)存容量是PLC的重要參數(shù),它們決定著PLC的工作速度,IO數(shù)量及軟件容量等,因此限制著控制規(guī)模。

I/O模塊

PLC與電氣回路的接口,是通過輸入輸出部分(I/O)完成的。I/O模塊集成了PLC的I/O電路,其輸入暫存器反映輸入信號狀態(tài),輸出點反映輸出鎖存器狀態(tài)。輸入模塊將電信號變換成數(shù)字信號進入PLC系統(tǒng),輸出模塊相反。I/O分為開關(guān)量輸入(DI),開關(guān)量輸出(DO),模擬量輸入(AI),模擬量輸出(AO)等模塊。

常用的I/O分類如下:

開關(guān)量:按電壓水平分,有220VAC、110VAC、24VDC,按隔離方式分,有繼電器隔離和晶體管隔離。

模擬量:按信號類型分,有電流型(4-20mA,0-20mA)、電壓型(0-10V,0-5V,-10-10V)等,按精度分,有12bit,14bit,16bit等。


除了上述通用IO外,還有特殊IO模塊,如熱電阻、熱電偶、脈沖等模塊。

按I/O點數(shù)確定模塊規(guī)格及數(shù)量,I/O模塊可多可少,但其最大數(shù)受CPU所能管理的基本配置的能力,即受最大的底板或機架槽數(shù)限制。

電源模塊

PLC電源用于為PLC各模塊的集成電路提供工作電源。同時,有的還為輸入電路提供24V的工作電源。電源輸入類型有:交流電源(220VAC或110VAC),直流電源(常用的為24VDC)。

底板或機架

大多數(shù)模塊式PLC使用底板或機架,其作用是:電氣上,實現(xiàn)各模塊間的聯(lián)系,使CPU能訪問底板上的所有模塊,機械上,實現(xiàn)各模塊間的連接,使各模塊構(gòu)成一個整體。
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