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水處理目的是提高水質，使之達到某種水質標準。按處理方法的不同，有物理水處理、化學水處理、生物水處理等多種。按處理對象或目的的不同，有給水處理和廢水處理兩大類。給水處理包括生活飲用水處理和工業用水處理兩類; 廢水處理又有生活污水處理和工業廢水處理之分。其中，與熱工技術關系特別密切的有從屬于工業用水處理范疇的鍋爐給水處理、補給水處理、汽輪機主凝結水處理以及循環水處理等。水處理對發展工業生產、提高產品質量，保護人類環境、維護生態平衡具有重要的意義。
鋼鐵廠廢水處理工程概況
該鋼廠形成600萬噸/年生產規模時，平均排水量將達到4000m3/h。廢水處理工程設計平均日處理能力9.6萬米3，夏季最大日處理能力10.8萬米3,其中70%作為工業補水回到廠區管網，其余達標后排放。
該廢水處理回用工程于2010年4月開工建設，2012年1月主體結構完工，2012年5月試運行，2012年8月交付生產。工程占地29500㎡，新建建、構筑物占地8041㎡，綠化覆蓋率32%，靜態投資為8643萬元。
廠區全部廢水經處理后達到排放標準，其中回用水經軟化、過濾、消毒等深度處理后，達到生產用水標準。
二 處理工藝
1 廢水設計水質
本工程原水屬典型的冶金工業廢水，處理后外排出水要求達到地方排放標準中的二級標準。本工程設計進水水質見下表：
設計廢水綜合水質
序號 水質指標 指標數值 備注
1 pH值 7.0~8.5
2 SS/（mg/L） ＜200
3 COD/（mg/L） ＜150
4 BOD/（mg/L） ＜40
5 石油類/（mg/L） 10~20 通常為下限
6 總硬度/（mg/L） 300~480 以CaCO3計
7 暫時硬度/（mg/L） 250~350 以CaCO3計
8 鈣硬度/（mg/L） 120~220 以CaCO3計
9 總堿度/（mg/L） 250~350 以CaCO3計
10 含鹽量/（mg/L） 1100~1300
11 總鐵/（mg/L） ＜0.1
12 CI-/（mg/L） ＜260 一般為120~140
13 SO2-4/（mg/L） 190~220
14 F-/（mg/L） 3~5
15 溫度/（mg/L） ＜35
廢水處理要求表見下圖：
廢水排放及回用限值
序號 水質指標 指標數值 外排限值 備注
1 pH值 7.0~8.5 6~8.5
2 SS/（mg/L） ＜5 ＜30
3 COD/（mg/L） ＜30 ＜50
4 BOD/（mg/L） ＜10 ＜25
5 石油類/（mg/L） ＜2 ＜4
6 總硬度/（mg/L） 200~300 以CaCO3計
7 暫時硬度/（mg/L） ＜100 以CaCO3計
8 鈣硬度/（mg/L） ＜30 以CaCO3計
9 總堿度/（mg/L） ＜100 以CaCO3計
10 含鹽量/（mg/L） ＜1100
11 總鐵/（mg/L） ＜0.1
12 CI-/（mg/L） ＜130
13 SO2-4/（mg/L） ＜200
14 F-/（mg/L） 3
15 溫度/（mg/L） ＜35
處理工藝
本工程進水為典型的鋼鐵工業廢水，有機污染物含量不高，可生化性差，不適宜采用生化方法降解。本項目主要采用物理化學法。作為工業補水，在回用水深度處理中增加去除暫時硬度、總堿度軟化、過濾、消毒等工藝。
工藝流程
本工程的主要處理工藝流程可分為：預處理、澄清和過濾三部分
廠區排出的工業廢水用管道輸送至廢水處理廠進水口。經過預處理部分，用粗、細格柵將來水中較大顆粒的漂浮物去除；再由提升泵到配水構筑物，在此投加混凝劑和石灰以及硫酸，然后將廢水分配到高密度澄清池，除去水中的懸浮物和膠體物質，保證水的澄清度，同時外排水還有除氟工藝。總進水的70%經高密度澄清池處理后，再經V形濾池過濾并投加液氯消毒后，送往廠區作為工業水的補充水，總進水的30%經高密度澄清池處理至達標后排放。
3 建、構筑物設計
根據本工程巖土工程勘察報告，重要的構筑物如高密度澄清池、V形濾池、預處理單元等基礎落在卵石層上，地基土承受標準值400kPa；一般建筑物如綜合樓基礎落在黏質粉土層上，地基土承受力標準值150kPa。
主要構筑物采用鋼筋混凝土結構，變電所采用磚混結構，電纜溝采用混凝土結構。
本工程包括預處理、高密度澄清池、加藥間、V形濾池、回水泵房和泥處理6個部分。控制系統由基礎自動化級和過程自動化級組成。基礎自動化有QUANTUM系列PLC和檢測儀表組成。PLC之間通過FIPWAY網實現數據交換。FIPWAY網上掛有工業PC作為入機接口，完成對整個系統的監控。過程自動化級由高檔PENTIUM微機及打印機組成，完成對工藝過程的生產管理、數據設定、報表打印等功能，在中央控制室還設有大型模擬屏顯示全廠的水處理工藝流程。
四 運行情況
1 監測結果
2012年5月正式運行，系統運行穩定，各項指標均達到設計值。年運行檢測數據（月平均值）見下表：
2014 月平均數據
月份 pH值 SS/（mg/L） 暫時硬度（mg/L） 含鹽量（mg/L）
1月 7.6 4.12 70.0 1056
2月 7.5 5.00 75.0 1048
3月 7.3 4.81 75.0 1047
4月 7.2 4.00 80.0 1000
5月 8.0 5.00 85.0 1020
6月 8.1 4.75 85.0 1000
7月 8.1 4.07 90.0 990
8月 7.6 4.78 90.0 1000
9月 7.8 4.8 74.0 900
10月 7.8 5.00 78.0 1050
11月 7.9 5.00 76.0 1040
12月 7.8 4.8 90.0 1020
2 主要技術經濟指標
該廠區廢水處理工程投資8643萬元，勞動定員50人，裝機容量1800kW，運行日耗點22000kW?h，藥費0.12元/m3，年運行費1800萬元。噸水處理費0.80元/m3。
濟寧天通設備有限公司是一家從事水處理設備生產、銷售集一體化的企業，經過不斷的努力在國內外獲得了供不應求的大好市場，贏得了客戶的一致好評。
多年的發展歷程，公司始終堅持創新、品質、服務、敬業、感恩的理念。采納新創意，嚴格質量，全方位的服務跟蹤，堅持做出高品質產品。我公司主要產品：水處理設備，污水處理設備、廢水處理設備、工業污水設備、農業廢水設備、雨水凈水設備、醫院污水設備、鋼廠廢水設備、屠宰場廢水設備、食品廠廢水處理設備等多種設備，可根據要求專業定制水處理設備。
Water treatment aims to improve water quality to meet certain water quality standards. According to the different treatment methods, there are many kinds of physical water treatment, chemical water treatment and biological water treatment. There are two main types of water treatment and waste water treatment. Water treatment includes drinking water treatment and industrial water treatment. Wastewater treatment is also treated with sewage treatment and industrial wastewater treatment. Among them, water treatment, water treatment, steam turbine main condensing water treatment and circulating water treatment are particularly close to the thermal technology. Water treatment is of great significance to developing industrial production, improving product quality, protecting human environment and maintaining ecological balance.
Overview of wastewater treatment project in steel plant
The average displacement of the steel plant will reach 4000m to the third/h when the steel plant is produced at 6 million tons/year. The average daily processing capacity of wastewater treatment works is 96,000 m 3, and the maximum daily processing capacity of the summer is 10.8000m 3. 70% of it is returned to the factory pipe network as industrial rehydration, and the remaining discharge after reaching the standard.
The waste water treatment recycling project started construction in April 2010. The main structure was completed in January 2012 and the trial operation was conducted in May 2012, and the production was delivered in August 2012. The project covers an area of 29500 ㎡, the new building and structures which covers an area of 8041 ㎡, green coverage of 32%, the static investment is 86.43 million yuan.
All waste water in the factory will meet the emission standard after treatment, and the water will reach the standard of production water after softening, filtering and disinfecting.
Two-process process
Wastewater design water quality
The original water of this project is a typical metallurgical industrial effluent, which is required to meet the secondary standard of local emission standard after treatment. The water quality of the engineering design is shown in the following table:
Design wastewater comprehensive water quality
Numerical value of the indicator of water quality indicators
1 pH 7.0 ~ 8.5
2 SS/(mg/L) < 200
3 COD/(mg/L) < 150
4 BOD/(mg/L) < 40
Oil/(mg/L) 10~20 is usually the lower limit
Total hardness/(mg/L) 300~480 with CaCO3
7 temporary hardness/(mg/L) 250~350 with CaCO3
Calcium hardness/(mg/L) 120~220 with CaCO3
Total alkalinity/(mg/L) 250~350 with CaCO3
Salt content/(mg/L) 1100~1300
Total iron/(mg/L) < 0.1
12 CI-/ (mg/L) < 260 is generally 120~140
13 so2-4 / (mg/L) 190~220
14 f-/ (mg/L) 3~5
15 temperature/(mg/L) < 35
The waste water treatment requirements are shown below:
Discharge and reuse of waste water
The numerical value of the numerical value of the indicator of the water quality indicator is noted
1 pH value 7.0 to 8.5, 6-8.5
2 SS/(mg/L) < 5 < 30
3 COD/(mg/L) < 30 < 50
4 BOD/(mg/L) < 10 < 25
Oil/mg/L < 2 < 4
Total hardness/(mg/L) 200~300 with CaCO3
7 temporary hardness/(mg/L) < 100 for CaCO3
Calcium hardness/(mg/L) < 30 for CaCO3
Total alkalinity/(mg/L) < 100 with CaCO3
Salt content/(mg/L) < 1100
Total iron/(mg/L) < 0.1
12 CI-/ mg/L < 130
13 so2-4 / mg/L < 200
14. F-/ mg/L) 3
15 temperature/(mg/L) < 35
Treatment process
This engineering water is typical of steel industry wastewater, organic pollutant content is not high, but biochemical difference is not suitable for biodegradation. This project mainly adopts physical chemistry method. As an industrial rehydration, the process of removing temporary hardness, softening of total alkalinity, filtration and disinfection is added in the treatment of water reuse.
Process flow
The main processing process of this project can be divided into three parts: pretreatment, clarification and filtration
The industrial effluent discharged from the factory is piped into the water inlet of the waste water treatment plant. After the pretreatment part, the large particles in the water will be removed by means of coarse and fine grille. By lift pump to the water distribution structures, again in the dosing coagulant and lime and sulfuric acid, and then assigned to high-density clarifier and wastewater to remove the suspended solids in the water and colloidal substances, ensure the clarity of water, drainage and fluoride in process at the same time. 70% of the total water treated with high-density clarifier, then through v-type filtration process and after adding the liquid chlorine disinfection, sent to the factory as make-up water of industrial water, 30% of the total water discharged after high-density clarifier processing to amount to mark.
3 construction and structure design
According to the geotechnical engineering investigation report, important structures such as high density clarifying pool, v-shaped filter and pretreatment unit fall on the pebble layer, and the foundation soil is subjected to a standard value of 400kPa. General buildings such as complex buildings are on the clay soil layer, the foundation soil bearing stress standard is 150kPa.
The main structures are reinforced concrete structure, brick and concrete structure is adopted, and concrete structure is adopted in cable trench.
This project includes six parts: pretreatment, high density clarifying pool, additive medicine room, v-shaped filter, backwater pump room and mud treatment. The control system consists of basic automation level and process automation level. Basic automation has QUANTUM series PLC and detection instrument composition. Data exchange is realized through FIPWAY network between PLC. The FIPWAY has an industrial PC on the Internet as an incoming interface to complete the monitoring of the entire system. Process automation level is composed of high-grade PENTIUM microcomputer and printer, complete the process of production management, data set, report printing, etc, the central control room large mimic panel also has showed that the water treatment process for the factory.
Four operation conditions
1 monitoring results
In May 2012, the system was operational and the system was stable. All indexes were designed. Annual operation test data (monthly mean) see table below:
Average data for the month of 2014
Monthly pH value SS/(mg/L) temporary hardness (mg/L) salt content (mg/L)
January 7.1270.0 1056
February 7.5 5.00 75.0 1048
March 7.3 4.81 75.0 1047
April 7.2, 80.0 1000
May 8.0 5.00 85.0 1020
June 8.1, 4.7585.0 1000
July 8.4.07 90.0 990
August 7.78, 90.0, 1000
September 7.8, 74.0 900
October 7.85.00 78.0 1050
Nov. 7.9 5.00 76.0 1040
December, 7.8, 90.0, 1020
Main technical and economic indicators
The waste water treatment project in this factory has an investment of 8643 million yuan, 50 workers, 1800kW installed capacity, 22000kW? h, 0.12yuan/m cubed, and annual transportation fee of RMB 18 million. Tons of water treatment cost 0.80 yuan/m cubed.
Jining day general equipment co., LTD. Is a company engaged in water treatment equipment production, sales integration enterprise, after continuous efforts won the demand of the market both at home and abroad, won the customer consistent high praise.
Over the years, the company has always adhered to the concept of innovation, quality, service, dedication and gratitude. Adopt new ideas, strict quality, all-round service tracking, insist on making high-quality products. My company main products: water treatment equipment, sewage treatment equipment, wastewater treatment, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater, rain water purification equipment, hospital sewage equipment, steel plant waste water equipment, slaughterhouse wastewater treatment equipment, food factory waste water treatment equipment and other equipment, can professional custom according to the water treatment equipment.
