橋梁伸縮縫：指的是為滿足橋面變形的要求，通常在兩梁端之間、梁端與橋臺之間或橋梁的鉸接位置上設(shè)置伸縮縫。要求伸縮縫在平行、垂直于橋梁軸線的兩個方向，均能自由伸縮，牢固可靠，車輛行駛過時應(yīng)平順、無突跳與噪聲；要能防止雨水和垃圾泥土滲入阻塞；安裝、檢查、養(yǎng)護(hù)、消除污物都要簡易方便。 在設(shè)置伸縮縫處，欄桿與橋面鋪裝都要斷開。 橋梁伸縮縫的作用:在于調(diào)節(jié)由車輛荷載和橋梁建筑材料所引起的上部結(jié)構(gòu)之間的位移和聯(lián)結(jié)。斜交橋的伸縮裝置一旦被破壞，將嚴(yán)重影響行車的速度、舒適性與安全，甚至造成行車安全事故。
Bridge expansion joints: to meet the requirements of bridge deck deformation, the expansion joint is usually installed between the two beam ends, between the Liang Duan and abutment or the hinge position of the bridge. Requirements of expansion joints in two directions parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the bridge, can free expansion, firm and reliable, the vehicle had to be smooth, no sudden jump and noise; to prevent rainwater and waste soil infiltration obstruction; installation, inspection, maintenance, eliminate dirt to be simple. At the expansion joint, the railing and the bridge deck should be disconnected. The role of bridge expansion joints is to adjust the displacement and connection between the superstructure caused by the vehicle load and the bridge building materials. Once the telescopic device of the skew bridge is damaged, it will seriously affect the speed, comfort and safety of the train, and even cause traffic accidents.
注意事項
Matters needing attention
1、伸縮裝置因受運輸長度限制，可分段制造，現(xiàn)場拼接。存放在工地的伸縮裝置應(yīng)平行放置，不得交叉堆放，以防變形。
1, telescopic device due to the length of the transport limit, can be segmented manufacturing, on-site splicing. The telescopic devices stored in the site should be placed in parallel and shall not cross stack to prevent deformation.
2、出廠時，連接卡具僅為運輸方便而設(shè)，縫隙并不是定位置。伸縮裝置安裝時，應(yīng)在監(jiān)理工程師的認(rèn)可下方可進(jìn)行。如設(shè)計文件上有規(guī)定，以橋梁設(shè)計文件所規(guī)定的為依據(jù)。
2, the factory, connecting fixture only as transport convenience, the gap is not fixed position. The installation of telescopic device should be carried out under the approval of the supervision engineer. If there are provisions in the design documents, it shall be based on the provisions of the bridge design documents.
3、伸縮裝置吊裝就位前，應(yīng)將預(yù)留槽內(nèi)的混凝土打毛，清掃干凈。安裝時伸縮裝置順橋向的寬度a值，應(yīng)對稱放在伸縮縫的間隙上，并使其頂面標(biāo)高與設(shè)計標(biāo)高吻合后墊平，然后穿放衡向的聯(lián)接水平鋼筋，將伸縮裝置上的錨固鋼筋與梁上預(yù)埋鋼筋兩側(cè)焊牢（盡量增加焊接點與焊接長度，以延長伸縮裝置的使用壽命），放松卡具，使其自由伸縮，此時伸縮裝置已進(jìn)入工作狀態(tài)。
3. Before installation of telescopic device, the concrete in the reserved groove should be cleaned and cleaned. When installing the expansion device along the width of the bridge to a, said the gap in coping joints, and the top surface elevation and the design elevation after anastomosis connecting pad, and then put on balance to the horizontal bars, the anchor bar and beam expansion device on embedded steel welded on both sides (as length with the increase of welding, welding point to prolong the service life of the device, the telescopic) relax fixture, the free expansion of the expansion device has entered the working state.
4、完成上述工序后，安裝必要模板，以防止沙漿流入伸縮縫內(nèi)，然后認(rèn)真用水清洗。在混凝土預(yù)留槽內(nèi)澆筑大于C50的混凝土。澆筑混凝土?xí)r應(yīng)采取必要的措施，振搗密實。
4, to complete the process, install the necessary template, in order to prevent the inflow of mortar joints, and then carefully cleaned with water. Pouring concrete larger than C50 in the concrete reserved trough. Concrete measures should be taken when pouring concrete, vibrating compaction.
5、砼初凝后，拔掉模板，及時清除伸縮縫內(nèi)及異型鋼裝膠帶槽內(nèi)的異物。 類別 型式 種類 說明 對接式 填塞對接型 瀝青、木板填塞型 以瀝青、木板、麻絮、橡膠等材料填塞縫隙的構(gòu)造（在任何狀態(tài)下，都處于壓縮狀態(tài)） U型鍍鋅鐵皮型 矩形橡膠條型 組合式橡膠條型 管形橡膠條型 嵌固對接型 C型 采用不同形狀的鋼構(gòu)件將不同形狀橡膠條（帶）嵌固，以橡膠條（帶）的拉壓變形吸收梁變位的構(gòu)造 CQ型 FQ型 ZF型 鋼制 支承式 鋼制型 鋼梳齒板型 采用面層鋼板或梳齒鋼板的構(gòu)造 鋼板疊合型 橡膠組合剪切式 板式橡膠型 BF型 將橡膠材料與鋼件組合，以橡膠的剪切變形吸收梁的伸縮變位，橋面板縫隙支承車輪荷載的構(gòu)造 模數(shù) 支承式 模數(shù)式 XF Ⅱ型 采用異型鋼材與橡膠密封帶組合的支承式構(gòu)造 GQF－MZL型 無縫式 暗縫型 TST彈塑體 以路面等變形吸收梁變位的構(gòu)造。
5, after the initial setting of concrete, pulling out the template, timely removal of expansion joint and foreign steel belt inside the groove. Category type shows butt butt type asphalt, wood packing materials, packing type structure with asphalt and rubber packing board, oakum gap (in any state, are in a compressed state) U type galvanized rectangular rubber strip type combined rubber strip type tubular rubber strip type fixed butt type C the different shapes of the members of different shapes of rubber strip (strip) embedded in the rubber strip (belt), tension and compression deformation of the beam deflection of the absorption structure of CQ type FQ type ZF type steel bearing type steel steel plate with surface plate or comb comb plate structure steel plate laminated type rubber combination shearing plate rubber type BF type rubber material and steel combination, with rubber shearing deformation absorption expansion beam, bridge deck bearing gap The structural modulus of wheel load is supported by modulus type XF II, and the GQF MZL type seamless slit type TST elastic plastic body is formed by the support structure of special-shaped steel and rubber sealing band, and the structure of the beam displacement is absorbed by the pavement deformation.
